English Electric Canberra - A first-generation British jet medium bomber, the English Electric Canberra was designed by W. E. W. 'Teddy' Peter. It could fly higher than any other bomber in the 1950s, and by 1958 had set nineteen point-to-point speed records and three altitude records, including 70,310 feet (21,430 m) in 1957 - see table below.
It began in 1944 when the Air Ministry issued a requirement for a successor to the de Havilland Mosquito
English Electric Canberra
A number of British manufacturers submitted proposals and the Lancashire-based English Electric Company was among those selected. At the time, the company had little experience in military aircraft design, having spent most of its formative years building aircraft such as the Handley Page and de Havilland during World War II. This all changed when Peter arrived from Westland Aircraft and immediately set up his own design team.
Aviation Photographs Of English Electric Canberra B(i)8 (mod)
Early designs produced a mid-mounted, single-engine concept, although this was quickly replaced by a twin-engine concept with wings and on 7 January 1946, the Ministry of Supply issued Specification B.3/45 for further development and production of 4 aircraft, project named EE A.1.
After several post-war political and economic delays, the original A.1. The prototype (VN799) flew on 13 May 1949, by which time the Ministry had actually pre-ordered 132 production aircraft in various configurations. The aircraft continued as the A.1 until it was officially named the Canberra on 19 January 1951 by the Rt Hon RG Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia and the first export customer for the new jet.
Add nose glass (for bomber), twin Rolls-Royce Avon R.A. 3 engines and drop wingtip fuel tanks led to the Canberra B.2, which flew at Wharton on 21 April 1950 in the hands of EE Chief Test Pilot Roland (Bea) Beamont.
An easy transition from propeller driven aircraft to the English electric Canberra, the first aircraft was delivered to RAF101 Squadron at Binbrook on 25 May 1951.
English Electric Canberra Xh134 Returns To Royal International Air Tattoo
The success and adaptability of the design resulted in 40 versions and 65 RAF squadrons being built. It has been exported to 15 countries: Australia, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Ethiopia, France, India, New Zealand, Peru, Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, South Africa, Sweden, USA, Venezuela and West Germany. A total of 925 English Electric Canberra aircraft were built in the UK.
451 'Canberra' aircraft were built under license in the US: 403 in the US by the Glenn L Martin company and designated the B-57 'Canberra' in several versions. Several of these were transferred from the US to Pakistan and the Republic of China (Taiwan).
A further 48 English Electric Canberras were built under license as Mk.20s by the Australian Government Aircraft Factory.
The aircraft was finally retired by its first operator (RAF) in June 2006, some 57 years after its first flight. Meanwhile, 3 Martin B-57 variants remain in service, performing weather missions for NASA.
English Electric Canberra, A Painting By Peter S. Carter
Aircraft conversions are split to separate new build production from later conversions. Note that refurbished ex-RAF aircraft that have not had their badge number changed are excluded from the lists.
First production version, 3 crew (bomb-aimer addition) Avon R.A.3 engines, wingtip fuel tanks. Built by English Electric (208), Avro (75), Handley Page (75) and Short Brothers & Harland (60). Exported and produced as a licensed model aircraft in Australia (2) and USA (2) with the RAF and Venezuela (6).
Second generation prototype with wing fuel tanks and Avon RA7 engines. Intended for special target marking role with bomb homing radar. No production orders have been placed. Converted to B(I)8 model.
The RA7 is based on the B.2 with new features introduced in the B.5, including engines and integrated wing fuel tanks. English Electric (55) and Short Bros & Harland (49) were built by the RAF and exported to Ecuador (6) and France (4).
English Electric Canberra Pr7
Intermediate interceptor variant for RAF based on B.6 with detachable belly pack in bomb bay carrying four 20mm Hispano cannons
, provision for two wing hard points and LABS (Low-Altitude Bombing System) for delivery of nuclear bombs. Export to RAF and France
Photo-recognition variant of the B.6, similar equipment to the PR.3 but with upgraded B.6 engines and increased fuel capacity. Export to RAF and India (3)
The Interdictor was derived from the B.6 with a new forward fuselage with offset teardrop canopy and navigation station in front of the pilot. A single hardpoint under each wing for Hispano cannons, bombs or unguided missiles in 4 bomb gun packs, LABS (Low Altitude Bombing System) for delivery of nuclear and/or conventional bombs. 12 shorts out of 106 produced. RAF and exports to India (11), Peru (9) and Venezuela. (8)
Airfix English Electric Canberra T.4 Wj870, No.231 Operational Conversion Unit, Royal Air Force, Circa
The photo reconnaissance version had a wingspan of 68 feet, wingspan of 4 feet and Avon R.A.27 (Avon 206) engines. Offset canopy with hinged nose to allow installation of the navigator's ejection seat. Produced by Short Brothers and Harland. RAF.
The B(I)8 was built for New Zealand and South Africa with an autopilot and improved navigation equipment. Plus One was converted from an ex-RAF B(I)8 in New Zealand
The B.2 was built in Australia by the Government Aircraft Factory with integrated fuel tanks and advanced navigation equipment.
The PR.7 was upgraded for India with an autopilot, additional navigation equipment, radio altimeter and rebuilt electricals. plus conversions by RAF and Indian PR.7
English Electric Canberra B(i).6/b.20
The B(I)8 was upgraded for India with an autopilot and additional navigation equipment. Plus pre and post issue conversions to Indian B(I) 8
Built in the USA by the Glenn L. Martin Company, the aircraft was licensed and converted into several later versions. Some flights were diverted to Pakistan and the Republic of China (Taiwan).
The B.6 was converted for radar countermeasures – a specialized ELINT aircraft with extended nose and side-looking airborne radar (SLAR).
B.2s converted with nose beak. Train pilots and navigators of all weather interceptors to operate airborne interceptor radars, four man crew. Plus targeted facilities.
English Electric Canberra Aircraft Photo
Updated B.6 for low level tactical strike. Equipped with underwing hardpoints for bombs or missiles and upgraded electronics and camera components. LABS (Low Altitude Bombing System)
The B.2 has been converted into an electronic warfare training variant that operates engagement aircraft to train surface-to-surface missile operators, airborne fighters and airborne early warning personnel (AEW).
PR.7 conversion for Royal Navy fleet requirements and air steering unit with Buccaneer S.2 radar and avionics. Used to train buccaneer navigators
The PR9 was modified by Shorts, fitted with an AI.23 radar and an IR installation in the nose for testing red-topped air-to-air missiles.
English Electric Canberra Tt.18 Wj680 Flies
The PR3 was modified by Shorts as a launch vehicle carrying 2 variants of the Beech AQM-37A high speed target missile in trials for the Royal Aircraft Establishment.
Ex RAF B.2 aircraft modified with T.11 extended nose for ELINT duties with the Royal Swedish Air Force
UK Made: English Electric (631), Short Brothers & Harland (144), Avro (75), Handley Page (75) [Delivery: 1951-64]
A number of ex-RAF aircraft and RB-57s are flown to the US for survey and mapping work. 10 airworthy aircraft are currently in private ownership and are believed to be flown in air shows. The above list does not include nose sections, complete or partial fuselages or "fire training aircraft".
English Electric Canberra
The information displayed is based on the information available at the time the content was created. Please email us if you have any additions or corrections - Canberra T.4 WJ874 in 2005 unless otherwise stated All images copyright BAE Systems / Ron Smith. Painted in 1999 to represent the first prototype VN799, first flown in 1949.
The Glish Electric Canberra is a British first generation medium jet bomber. It was developed by Glish Electric in the mid to late 1940s in response to a 1944 Air Ministry requirement for a successor to the wartime De Havilland Mosquito fast bomber. Among the type's performance requirements are excellent high-altitude bombing capability and high speed. These were achieved in part by the use of new jet-propulsion technology. The Canberra entered service with the Royal Air Force (RAF) in May 1951, becoming the service's first bomber.
In February 1951, Canberra set another world record by becoming the first jet airliner to make a non-stop transatlantic flight. During the 1950s, the Canberra could fly higher than any other aircraft in the world, and in 1957, the Canberra set a world record altitude of 70,310 feet (21,430 m). Due to its ability to evade early jet interceptors and its remarkable performance against modern piston-engined bombers, the Canberra became a popular aircraft in the export market, procured for service in the air forces of many nations at home and abroad. Commonwealth of Nations. The type was built under lease in Australia by the Government Aircraft Factories (GAF) and in the USA as the Martin B-57 Canberra. The latter produced both the slightly modified B-57A Canberra and the significantly upgraded B-57B.
In addition to being a tactical nuclear attack aircraft, the Canberra proved highly adaptable, serving in a variety of roles including tactical bombing and photography and electronic reconnaissance. Throughout the Cold War, Canberras served in the Suez Crisis, the Vietnam War, the Falklands War, the Indo-Pakistani Wars and several African conflicts. In several wars, each opposing team had the Canberra in its air force.
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